Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and

Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and biofouling mitigation in membrane filtration

CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model setting.

The potentials of 3D-printed feed spacers in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes - ScienceDirect

Advancements in conventional and 3D printed feed spacers in membrane modules - ScienceDirect

The critical role of feed spacer channel porosity in membrane biofouling: Insights and implications - ScienceDirect

PDF] Impact of Modified Spacer on Flow Pattern in Narrow Spacer-Filled Channels for Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules

PDF) Pressure drop increase by biofilm accumulation in spiral wound RO and NF membrane systems: role of substrate concentration, flow velocity, substrate load and flow direction

PDF] Spacer geometry and particle deposition in spiral wound membrane feed channels.

Schematic of fluid circulation in a VSEP membranes stack with azimuthal

PDF] Impact of Modified Spacer on Flow Pattern in Narrow Spacer-Filled Channels for Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules

The evolution of feed spacer role in membrane applications for desalination and water treatment: A critical review and future perspective - ScienceDirect

Investigating fouling at the pore-scale using a microfluidic membrane mimic filtration system

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Development of an automatic and object-oriented method for spacer design in the spiral wound nanofiltration modules to comprehensively enhance filtration performance - ScienceDirect